1例剖宫产合并肠破裂患者的护理

剖宫产出现诸多并发症，我院曾出现1例因剖宫产合并肠破裂病例，在连续硬膜外麻醉下行子宫下段剖宫产术，术中见肠管与腹膜粘连，钝性分离肠管时肠管破裂，取出胎儿后，行肠管切除肠吻合手术，通过医护人员精心治疗与护理，该患者通过针对性的护理措施和积极护理干预，经过12d治疗，治愈出院。医护人员密切配合，针对患者的特点制定引流管护理及产后护理方案，密切观察病情变化，早期处理，未造成严重并发症发生。     

Abordagem perioperatória de grávida com angioedema hereditário submetida a cesariana: relato de caso

Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disorder, presenting as sudden and recurring episodes of variable severity of subcutaneous and mucosa edema that may occur spontaneously or in response to triggers. There are three knwon types of hereditary angioedema. The disorder is caused by decrease in the plasma level or change in the functional capacity of C1 inhibitor, with increase in bradykinin and in vascular permeability, and consequent edema. Several measures are required in the perioperative period in order to avoid an acute attack. Prophylaxis should be carried out throughout pregnancy before any surgical procedure, before dental procedures, upon airway handling, on patients with previous episodes of angioedema, and when there are significant changes in volemia. The literature is scarce in regard to the association between hereditary angioedema and pregnancy. We describe a successful case of a pregnant patient with type I hereditary angioedema submitted to a C‐section.     

盐酸羟考酮复合右美托咪定在子痫前期患者剖宫产术后镇痛、镇静中的临床观察

目的:探讨不同剂量的盐酸羟考酮和右美托咪定复合用于子痫前期患者剖宫产术后镇痛、镇静的有效性和安全性。方法:120例子痫前期患者随机分为A、B、C 3组,各组40例。术后入重症监护病房(ICU)时连接盐酸羟考酮注射液和右美托咪定持续泵注镇痛、镇静治疗。A组采用低剂量盐酸羟考酮每小时0.5 mg+右美托咪定每小时0.3μg/kg持续泵注;B组采用中剂量盐酸羟考酮每小时0.75 mg+右美托咪定每小时0.3μg/kg持续泵注;C组采用高剂量盐酸羟考酮每小时1 mg+右美托咪定每小时0.3μg/kg持续泵注。记录3组患者术毕入ICU时(T0)、入ICU后2小时(T1)、4小时(T2)、6小时(T3)、8小时(T4)、12小时(T5)、24小时(T6)、48小时(T7)静息及按压宫底时的数字疼痛评分法(NRS)评分、按压宫底前后平均血压(MAP)、心率(HR),各时点静息时镇静满意者比例及恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、呼吸抑制、头晕痛等不良反应和子痫、脑出血、心力衰竭等并发症情况。结果:A组中静息NRS评分在T2~T7高于T1(P<0.05);在T2~T5时静息和按压时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组MAP、HR在T2~T5时点按压前后相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B、C两组患者静息、按压NRS评分在T2~T7各时点低于A组(P<0.05);B、C两组间MAP、HR在按压前后各时点比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B、C两组镇静满意者例数在T1~T7时点所占比例高于A组(P<0.05)。3组间恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无子痫、脑出血、心力衰竭等并发症发生。结论:盐酸羟考酮每小时0.75mg+右美托咪定每小时0.3μg/kg持续静脉泵注用于子痫前期患者剖宫产术后48小时内镇痛、镇静,安全有效。     

Trends in Use and Outcomes of Same-Day Discharge Following Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to describe trends and hospital variation in same-day discharge following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to evaluate the association between trends in same-day discharge and patient outcomes.BackgroundInsights on contemporary use of same-day discharge following elective PCI are limited.MethodsIn a sequential cross-sectional analysis of 819,091 patients undergoing elective PCI at 1,716 hospitals in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry from July 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017, overall and hospital-level trends in same-day discharge were assessed. Among the 212,369 patients who linked to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data, the association between same-day discharge and 30-day mortality and rehospitalization was assessed.ResultsA total of 114,461 patients (14.0%) were discharged the same day as PCI. The proportion of patients with same-day discharge increased from 4.5% in the third quarter of 2009 to 28.6% in the fourth quarter of 2017. From 2009 to 2017, the rate of same-day discharge increased from 4.3% to 19.5% for femoral-access PCI and from 9.9% to 39.7% for radial-access PCI. Hospital-level variation in the use of same-day discharge persisted throughout (median odds ratio adjusted for year and radial access: 4.15). Risk-adjusted 30-day mortality did not change over time, while risk-adjusted rehospitalization decreased over time and more quickly for same-day discharge (P for interaction <0.001).ConclusionsIn the past decade, a large increase in the use of same-day discharge following elective PCI was not associated with worse 30-day mortality or rehospitalization. Hospital-level variation in same-day discharge may represent an opportunity to reduce costs without compromising patient outcomes.     

子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产术中产后出血的临床效果及对手术时间的影响

目的 观察子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产术中产后出血的临床效果及对手术时间的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月～2019年12月我院剖宫产产后出血患者，共计60 例，将常规止血处理的28 例患者作为对照组，子宫背带式缝合术治疗的32 例患者作为观察组，对比两组治疗相关指标、治疗前后凝血功能变化情况及术后并发症发生率。结果 观察组患者手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组，术后24 h 阴道出血量及总出血量少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组患者各项凝血功能指标在治疗前差异不显著，治疗后，观察组各项指标均改善，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；在术后并发症发生率方面观察组明显少于对照组（6.25% vs 28.57%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产术中产后出血，对患者凝血功能具有改善作用，能够减少产后出血量，降低术后并发症发生率，疗效确切，值得临床借鉴。     

罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床效果分析

目的：探讨罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床疗效。方法方便选取2014年3月—2015年3月该院麻醉科收诊的剖宫产产妇60例,随机法分为观察组及对照组各30例,对照组术后给予罗哌卡因联合吗啡镇痛治疗,观察组术后给予罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼镇痛治疗,记录并分析两组产妇镇痛效果。结果观察组术后2h、8h、12 h、24 hVAS评分分别为(1.98±0.81)分、(2.28±0.78)分、(1.66±0.67)分、(1.17±0.61)分,均低于对照组(3.51±1.07)分、(3.82±1.03)分、(3.24±0.95)分、(2.16±0.55)分,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组术后肌力恢复正常时间和肛门排气时间分别为(7.28±1.16)h、18.49±1.71)h,均低于对照组(15.67±3.59)h、20.84±2.10)h,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；③观察组产妇术后不良反应发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组26.67%,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；结论罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果优于罗哌卡因联合吗啡,不良反应低,能有效缓解孕妇术后疼痛。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道分娩的妊娠结局

目的分析剖宫产术后阴道分娩(vaginal birth after cesarean,VBAC)产妇的产时特点及妊娠结局。方法选取2015年1月至2019年6月在北部战区总医院和平院区VBAC的122例产妇为研究对象(VBAC组),按1∶2配对病例对照设计,选择与VBAC产妇同时期分娩的重复性剖宫产(elective repeat cesarean section,ERCS)产妇244例(ERCS组)及经阴道分娩的初产妇244例(对照组),比较3组产妇的母婴结局,分析VBAC组的产时特点。结果①ERCS组年龄最大、孕次最多,对照组年龄最小、孕次最少;对照组受教育程度高于其他两组;ERCS组孕前体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及分娩前BMI高于其他两组;VBAC组孕期增重低于其他两组,入院时宫颈Bishop评分最高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②VBAC组分娩孕周(38.47±1.82)周,低于对照组(P<0.05);VBAC组早产发生率最高、新生儿体重最低、巨大儿发生率最低(P<0.05);VBAC组产后出血量最多,对照组次之,ERCS组最少(P<0.05),VBAC组及对照组产后出血发生率高于ERCS组(P<0.05);VBAC组、对照组住院天数和住院费用均少于ERCS组(P<0.05);3组新生儿Apgar评分、转入NICU率、输血率、产褥病率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组中均无产妇及新生儿死亡。③VABC组中自然临产率、阴道助产率、会阴侧切率高于对照组,引产率、分娩镇痛率、产程中应用缩宫素比例低于对照组,第一、二产程及总产程时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论控制体重,降低新生儿出生体重,更好地理解剖宫产术后阴道试产(trial of labor after cesarean delivery,TOLAC)产程特点,加强监测,有助于降低TOALC的风险,提高VBAC成功率,改善妊娠结局。